Essay Challenges Affecting International Students in...

Challenges affecting international students in Australia 1.0 Challenges facing international students in Australia 1.1 Introduction The need for higher education has prompted many students to seek further studies in international colleges outside their countries and Australia has become an academic hub for international students who mostly come from developing nations in Asia and Africa. The students, once they secure a place in this schools, they are subjected to a new environment which comes with different challenges. International students in Australia have become an integral part of the society both social and economical. However the students face a myriad of challenges before fully adopting to the new learning culture. In†¦show more content†¦1.2.2 Discrimination and Cultural Conflict: Another big social challenge affecting these students is the discrimination and inter-cultural issues. Apparently inter-cultural differences are inevitable when cultures collide however the cultural variances should be harmonized rather than polarized. Western culture the pre-dominant culture in Australia is usually perceived negatively by the international students and creates a hostile environment for the students. Discrimination has been a teething problem for international students and this has greatly affected the academic morale for the students when racist undertones and practices are perpetrated against the students. Right wing demonstrations against the influx of immigrants and students have poisoned the learning environment and also greatly tarnishing the academic image of Australia to prospective international students. For instance, the cross- border scholars do not have citizenship rights, an issue which not only affects the day-to-day living of a student, but also this or her academic programs. This impact usually depicts itself in the acquisition of internship programs where most recruiters do not consider the non-citizens in Australia, yet this is an important aspect of college and university education. According to research conducted by Marginson et al. (n.d), 19% of students did not feel safe inShow MoreRelatedAustralia s Relationship With Indonesia1712 Words   |  7 Pagescountries, whether economically, politically, legally or socially. Australian-Indonesian relations involve an interaction in foreign policies between the two nations (Wolfsohn, 1951, p. 68). As long as Indonesia is Australia s closest and largest neighbor, they are bound to have great international relations. These relations began as early as the 17th century and had only become enhanced with time (Daly, 2003, p. 397). The relationship has been defined by a conjoint growth trade of up to $14 between theRead MoreThe Australian Youth Climate Coalition1232 Words   |  5 PagesYouth Climate Coalition (AYCC) is a youth organization in Australia. The organization aims to build a generation-wide movement to solve the climate crisis, through uniting diverse youth organizations around this common challenge. The AYCC are trying to Raising awareness on climate change and one of the strategy that they are trying to use is â€Å"think globally, act locally†. This means they are trying to raise community awareness and help student lend actions to see what we can do in our community. Read MoreGovernment Intervention On Kazakhstan Oil Industry Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesStudent Name : Tinglin Zhang Subject : AFFIN102A Principle of economics and economic theory in practice Assignment : Essay Topic : Government intervention in Kazakhstan Oil Industry The world concerned problem today is the energy problem. Among other reasons of its country is growing thirst for oil and gas made thus a matter of strategic energy security. Oil is the stratagem industry in the development of economy and society. As the Kazakhstan’s oil industry is speeding developing, becoming oneRead MoreImportant Elements Of Teaching Towards Understanding Cultural Identity1286 Words   |  6 PagesSantoro (2014) Santoro (2013) discussed the importance of knowing students in complex ways is one of the most important elements of teaching towards understanding cultural identity traditions, values and practices from student’s perspectives. Often teachers do not have an understanding of the complexities of their student’s culture and ethnicity indicated in the example with the twins, when the teacher failed to really know her students exercised through her pedagogical and discourse practises she engagedRead MoreFactors Affecting The Local Commun ity2984 Words   |  12 Pagesbought materials and also expenses of transporting those bought materials, but also it will save time as Student Name: Toby Abernethy ENG2102 ITP Part B Student Number: 0061061777 there will not be a wait for the order materials to be transported and also by using local materials it is less likely to upset the locals when constructing in their community. Environmental Factors: Just like in Australia, the locals in each small town would prefer to keep their environment as healthy as it possibly can beRead MoreRacial Discrimination : The World s History2316 Words   |  10 Pagesteaching experiences in, had a few of racism issues. This school is a co-ed school with students from different countries. Among all students, there are around 10% of students who are from Asian countries, which means that some of the students are not so fluent in English. In one of the year 10 music classes I participated in, the music teacher informed me before the class started that â€Å" there are two students in class who don t speak English much, so you don t have to worry about them. They donRead MorePolitical Environment Of New Zealand Essay1544 Words   |  7 Pagesis that the level of competition in its business sectors. In the Adventure Sport and in this business sector we are confronting expanded competition. Online contenders incorporate 100% pure New Zealand and other organizations. We are additionally challenges rivalry from stores. In spite of the fact that small company have bad reputation and ability to provide a service like us, they can offer low costs but not giving a service which customer wants. Our reaction to this difficult monetary and focusedRead MoreThe Migration Of Health Workers From Developing Countries1333 Words   |  6 PagesIndia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka and 6% of all doctors were living abroad (Dodani LaPorte, 2005). Currently, the majority of health workers come from Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Pacific (Serour, 2009)]. The main destinations are USA, UK, Canada and Australia, where approximately 20% of the physicians are from low- and middle-income nations (Edge Hoffman). Dodani Laporte (2005) argue that most of health workers go abroad to conclude specialization and postgraduate courses in the recipient countryRead MoreMarketing And Medi The Most Important Factors Affecting The Internal Environment1100 Words   |  5 Pages3.2.3 Marketing and Media Marketing and media are also considered as the most important factors affecting the internal environment. By using and exploiting marketing and media, it will influence the cultures and entire networks through the supply chain, customers, stakeholders, and workers from different communities and social networks. Starbucks has a significant interaction by consumers not only geographically, but also on the internet. For example, Starbucks has a page in one of the strongestRead MoreQantas Marketing3644 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Unit 401 Marketing Assignment Lecturer: William Jones Submission Date: 21.01.2014 Student Name: Rani Fawzi Ayyad Student ID: 871148 Executive Summary Qantas is one of the oldest airlines in the travel industry established 1920 (Qantas.com.au, 2014) In this report we shall discover the main problems which are faced by the airline in terms of marketing and in competing with other airlines in the airline industry. This assignment will highlight the various micro and macro environmental

The Holocaust The Final Solution to the Jewish Problem...

The Holocaust is defined as destruction or slaughter on a mass scale, especially caused by fire or nuclear war. Following 1945, the word has taken on a new meaning referring to the mass slaughtering of millions of European Jews as well as other persecuted groups (gypsies and homosexuals), by the German Nazi regime during the Second World War. In Europe the Jews experienced anti-Semitism (hostility or prejudice against Jews) which dated back to the ancient world, to the time when the Jewish temples were destroyed and they were forced to leave Palestine by Roman authorities. This wide-spread hatred of the Jews augmented the virulent mindset behind the Holocaust. On the night of January 30, 1933, an event occurred that spearheaded the†¦show more content†¦The vast Nazi rallies including symbolic acts such as the public burning of books written by Jews, Communists, liberals, and foreigners helped vocalize the party’s strength. By 1933, the Jewish population in Germany was around 525,000 people which was only one percent of the total German population. During the years to follow, Nazis established an â€Å"Aryanization† of Germany. Non- Aryans (non- Germans) were dismissed from civil service, Jewish- owned businesses were liquidated, and Jewish layers and doctors were stripped of their clients. Later in 1935, the Nuremberg Laws were enacted by the Nazi government. The Nuremberg Laws were composed of two new racial laws, the Reich Citizenship Law and the Law to Protect German Blood and Honor. The Nuremberg Laws restricted Jews, it declared that anyone who had three or four Jewish grandparents would be deemed as a Jew, and anyone with two Jewish grandparents would be deemed a Mischlinge (half-breed). The Nuremberg Laws led to Jews becoming targets of wide-spread discrimination and persecution. These laws stripped Jews of their German citizenship and outlawed marriage and sexual intercourse between Jews and non-Jews. They also prohibited Jews fro m obtaining certain jobs (such as jobs in the government, medical field, and in law). They prohibited Jews from certain entertainment and recreational activities (such as parks, beaches, theaters, sporting events). Under the Nuremberg Laws Jews were also prohibitedShow MoreRelatedEssay about Evidence for the Holocaust844 Words   |  4 PagesEvidence for the Holocaust The reason for the development of the final solution is under much historical debate. There is the structuralists who believe it was a result of wartime problems, that it was a improvised response to the problems. However there is the intentionalists who believe Hitler planned the holocaust due to his pathological hatred of the Jews. Now in this essay I am going to present the evidence for both schools of thought. There is substantialRead MoreHitler s Ideology And The Nazi Bureaucracy1674 Words   |  7 Pageshistorical debate between two schools of thought on the horrific actions carried out by the Third Reich that resulted in the extermination of millions of Jewish people across Europe. The Intentionalists stress the consistency, sequence and persistence of the Nazi s anti-Jewish policies as a clear indication that the genocide we call the Holocaust was a top-down affair implemented in accord with Adolf Hitler s absolute will. Functionalists however argue that the genocide resulted from a numberRead MoreThe Final Solution For World War II1668 Words   |  7 PagesHundreds of thousands of Jews had already been murdered during World War II when The Final Solution made its appearance. When Hitler and his party, the Nazis, were elected in 1932, (The History Place) Hitler’s ambitions seemed far-fetched. In 1941, two years after World War II had begun; Adolf Hitler’s plan to erase the Jewish population was already underway and fully operating right under everyone’s nose. In Germany, Austria, Poland, and Belgium, thousands of people were being killed monthly, butRead MoreHow The Holocaust Was A Long Term Plan1461 Words   |  6 PagesAssess the View That the Holocaust Was Mainly the Result of a Long Term Plan by Hitler to Eliminate the Jews Of the four historians, it is Kershaw, Goldhagen, and Peukert who propose the idea that the holocaust was a long-term plan and Berghahn who argues that it was a reaction to the circumstances brought about by expansion during world war two. All of the historians agree to a certain degree that the extermination of the Jewish people from Germany was a long term idea of Hitler’s, but it is atRead MoreThe Effects Of Jews On Jewish Population During The Nazi Regime1119 Words   |  5 Pagesconcerns the Final Solution of the Nazis concerning the Jews. On January 20th 1942, 15 leading officials of the Nazi state met at a villa in Wannsee, a suburb of Berlin, to discuss the â€Å"Final solution of the Jewish Question† (â€Å"The Final Solution,† 2015). They used the term â€Å"Final Solution† to refer to their plan to annihilate the Jewish people. It is not known when the leaders of Nazi Germany definitively decided to implement their plan to eradicate the Jewsâ⠂¬  (â€Å"United States Holocaust Memorial MuseumRead MoreEssay on Causes Effects of the Holocaust1422 Words   |  6 PagesCauses Effects of the Holocaust There are times in history when desperate people plagued by desperate situations blindly give evil men power. These men, once given power, have only their own evil agendas to carry out. The Holocaust was the result of one such mans agenda. In short simplicity, shear terror, brutality, inhumanity, injustice, irresponsibility, immorality, stupidity, hatred, and pure evil are but a few words to describe the Holocaust. A holocaust is defined as a disaster thatRead MoreThe Nazi Party1100 Words   |  5 Pagesa meeting was held with fifteen men who were either part of the Nazi party or other powerful government leaders. The meeting took place in a wealthy area in Berlin on a lake that was named Wannsee. The â€Å"final solution to the jewish question† was the focus of the meeting. The term â€Å"final solution† was the phrase used by the Nazi’s for their plan for the extermination of all European Jews. This meeting was the first time that the government leaders not involved with the Nazi party were introduced toRead MoreHy3 Personal Sources Pack1122 Words   |  5 PagesCynffig Comprehensive School 68538 HY3 Assessment ‘Personal sources pack’ Assignment title ‘The Holocaust was the result of Hitler’s long-held grand design to pursue a programme of annihilation against the Jews.’ Pack Created by: Ryan Buckle Attributions in normal text and sources are in boxes with italic writing. History HY3 sources Intentionalist Document 9 Speech delivered by Hitler in Salzburg, 7 or 8 August 1920. (NSDAP meeting) Source: D Irving, The War Path: HitlerRead MoreThe Holocaust : Its Causes And How It Was Carried Out1497 Words   |  6 PagesDestiny Corbitt Shawn Underell The Holocaust 21 February 2016 The Holocaust The holocaust is one of the memorable events in history and it is important to know some of its causes and how it was carried out. The Holocaust is a controlled torture that killed roughly six million Jews by the Nazi government, led by Adolf Hitler. Apart from the Jews, other groups considered inferior or anti-establishment such as Poles, Romans and gypsies were also killed. There were several reasons for these grisly murdersRead More The Origins of the Holocaust Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe question of the origins of the Holocaust has been studied by scholars using several differing approaches. These interpretations are outlined by Donald Niewyk in The Holocaust as the long history of European anti-Semitism, the charismatic personality of Adolf Hitler and the influence of modern â€Å"scientific† racism or eugenics. These interpretations are illustrated in the works of John Weiss, Ian Kershaw, and Henry Friedlander. Niewyk uses Weiss to identify the interpretation of ancient anti-Semitism

The Pink Cow Free Essays

On the beautiful sunny beach day of March 12, 2008, I visited the Florida Gulf Coast University’s art complex. The first thing I noticed upon entering the art complex was a pink cow. This pink cow consumed my total attention. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pink Cow or any similar topic only for you Order Now I hardly noticed anything else. I was so fascinated and taken away by this pink cow that, as I studied this extraordinary painting, it became clear serious precise art techniques were carefully used to design this creation taking attention off everything else in the gallery. It’s a Pink Cow painted by expert artist, Andy Warhol, uses professional levels of sophisticated art coloring and design elements communicating fun, happy environments to the subconscious minds of youthful crowds occupying the buildings wherever his art work hangs. The only reason art sells is because it inspires emotions, controlling mind manipulation atmospheres from fun to conservative. It’s a Pink Cow painting’s strongest identity is color and subject content. This wall paper image created by famous pop artist Andy Warhol made excellent use of shocking contrasting coloring and design in It’s a Pink Cow. It’s a Pink Cow’s shocking hot pink everyday farm animal peaking through a barn door with a light green background which is lit up by the bright yellow sun invokes feelings of pleasure, comical, social interactions. Color invokes moods. â€Å"We learn from color specialists that rooms painted in different colors tend to cause different reactions. Certain blues are cool, certain greens are relaxing, certain reds are warm and comforting. â€Å"(Blair 43) Observing It’s a Pink Cow, and applying our knowledge about art techniques, it is clearly obvious the artist shows creative potential of colors capacity. Normally green is known as evoking feelings of calmness, quietness, seriousness. However, it is totally unlikely this painting containing a sensible green filling in the background to be observed in a church, senior citizens ballroom or a political business meeting room. In some of these different paintings, the background is yellow. In this particular artwork shown in the museum, the background overlooking the picture is grass green. Reflections of bright yellow sunlight shinning on the green grass gives the neutral nondistracting color pizzazz. Adding sunlight to the earth toned green shades is equivalent to adding Hip-Hop music to church choir music. When artists are working at designing original pieces in a highly competitive market full of talented people, it is not enough to design something that it’s only contribution is being pretty. That is why creative arts are popular for breaking traditions. Warhol’s theme in this painting was showing the unique possibilities by applying extraordinary colors to ordinary objects. In this painting, it is not only a pink cow looking at everyone looking at the painting. By coloring a traditionally black or brown object, such as a cow in any bright shade, it is now the bright tint looking at the viewer. A person looking at the painting mood’s are altered on a level they do not realize. A hot fluorescent pink cow’s head looking out the barn holds the person attention, making them look twice at his artwork. The innocent visitor to the art museum first wonders about themselves upon looking at the pink cow. For reassurance, they stand silently to see if their friend accompanying them says anything first. Their friend is doing the same thing. Then the worker at the art gallery passes by, comments on the pink cow and the art museum visitor is now relaxed. The artist’s main objective is to influence or alter people’s moods, and that is what this painting did. Artists selectively chooses the use coloring, lines, forms, shapes etc†¦innovatively to target their selected audience. A green grass providing the background for trees in a landscape would not have the same effect. Andy wanted to sell to the younger generations. Here he is using vivid colors to capture the fun minded light hearted generation. The subject content works in conjunction with coloring creating a surprising and unexpected product making an artists statement that can only be accurately interpreted by the artist. The colors and the subject matter conflict greatly. Bright vivid colors and a pink cow is a symbology of fun. Of all the animals to choose from, why did he choose a cow? A cow is not really a symbology of fun. Looking at paintings such as these peaks curiosity, it draws attention inviting the viewer to investigate more into the artwork. It is necessary to have an idea of history, including the artists personality and style is necessary to make sense of the painting. It’s a Pink Cow appears like it may be a totally improvised, but the sources say differently. â€Å"Once he’s chosen something from the chaos of everyday reality to preserve in his art — particularly in his paintings and sculpture — Warhol works extremely hard â€Å"at getting the image absolutely right,† says Leo Castelli. â€Å"He doesn’t simply arrive at an image easily and then repeat it senselessly — as many think. That cow wallpaper took him over a year to define. â€Å"(Pratt 53) The only reason art sells is because it inspires emotions, controlling mind manipulation atmospheres from fun to conservative. It’s a Pink Cow was created to provoke laughter, or comical atmospheres. Of all the paintings in the art gallery, this painting stood out. Hanging this painting in the room of a child or young person’s apartment is great for developing and stimulating imaginations. This is especially true if someone was to elaborate on it this art piece, and make the cow sing, dance or tell jokes. How to cite The Pink Cow, Papers

Professional Development Of The Teachers †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Professional Development Of The Teachers. Answer: Introduction The report discusses the approaches to professional development of the teachers with the help of Numan principles approach. It further describes the implementation of the principles in the professional development of the teachers. The relevance of the principles is also supported with some examples. In the next part of the report details about the school goals and student needs and its meaning are mentioned. The relevance of the school goals and students needs and there relation with the professional development of the teachers are also explained with the help of some examples followed by conclusion. Nunan principles for professional development of teachers These principles are related with the professional development of the teachers on the basis of several aspects, so that to improve professionalism and quality of education dissemination towards the learners. Principle 1: This is a very important concept which indicates that the learning approach and methods of learning in the childrens and the adults are different so it is required that the teachers are required to realize that the responsibility they are having in their minds so that they provide better learning to the students (Alsagoff, et al., 2012). It is often seen that the teachers having realization about the responsibilities are having better learning methods and explanations for the students so that students learn in better way. It is also suggested that they are having more professional behavior rather than others. Principle 2: It focuses towards learning through experiences and continuous practice. There are lots to learn from failure of someone, so it is needed to use the experiences present with the teachers to improve teaching methods and knowledge. Principle 3: It is required to plan the work so that it is being implemented in a better way so that more improved ways to be suggested by teachers from their experiences over long period of time to improve learning materials and approach to study. Principle 4: In this part of the principle it is focused to develop steps so that learning is portioned in such a manner that the knowledge of the professionals is clearly shown in the learning materials and programmes. Principle 5: This principle focuses on the realization to the teachers about the knowledge they are having and its evaluation so that they feel encouraged improving the lacking areas or those having lack of awareness towards their knowledge will motivate towards analysis of the knowledge. Principle 6: At last is required that the teachers implement the learnings in to practice from the rest of the principles to form a leaning model. It is also important to practice these practices in daily routine to improve professional character and learning workshops. Application of the principles There is difference in the learnings of the childrens and the adults so it is required that the learning style that is to be used for the high level learners should be different. So it is important that the teachers also evolve practices as per the changing needs of the learning, it is not a good way to learn as the child learns in the classroom teaching. There is need to have more practical and application based learning so that the learners have development of the analytical skills and needs to plan work. It can be implemented with very first step that is self direction it is needed that the teachers are aware about the responsibilities (McCulloch and Noonan, 2013). They should use the experience they have to develop a learning material which consists of theoretical as well as practical implication so that to enhance learning. It is also needed to provide timemanagement and relevance of the study so that it can be developed in more proper way. Teachers must practice these skills pe rsonally to achieve perfection (Watts, 2015). It is also important that teachers are motivated and aware about the importance of the learning in their professional and personal life towards high learning. They are also need to move towards technology learning so that they can collaborate with the scholars to develop better education materials. Relevance of principles It is mandatorily required to verify the usefulness of the professional developed projects, so it is verified with the help of the combined training programs for the teachers. It will help to encourage the teachers to develop themselves as their colleagues. Suppose there are three teachers in a university teaching marketing, first one is focusing on theory based learning, second is only focused on practical learning focused on survey, questionnaire and study of products and third is focused on both methods for study (Calderhead, 2012). So the learnings from all three will be different for the students but in case they meet together and exchange some ideas and knowledge than it will be far better to develop a learning material which will having theoretical knowledge to understand the concepts practical surveys and testing. It will motivate the others towards learning this skill. So creating competition among the teachers will help to develop more professional development (McCulloch an d Noonan, 2013). It is important to access the capabilities this can be done with the help of survey having different questions relating to the personal experiences and learnings during teaching the scholars, this will help them to know the lacking areas and strengths which they can utilize to develop the learning materials for the students for professional development of themselves. School goals and assessment of students need School goals are established for the enhanced learning of the students it includes the thoughts and values that are to be inculcated in the students studying in an institution. It focuses on the overall development of the scholars such as learnings about various fields, sports and cultural activities. It also focused on the development of the students with the help of evaluation on the various criterias and competitions so that they will develop in the mental and physical aspects (Parkay, et al., 2014). It also helps to inculcate maturity and experiences for the students helping them in the decision making in future. It is also important to access the students needs as per the current changing environment. Accessing the needs of the students helps to plan and develop the learning materials in such a manner so that it covers all the aspects of study which improves the students knowledge (Brookhart, 2011). So school goals are important for the development of the students but it can be improved to meet the goals with the help of accessing the students needs. Relation of school goals and students needs in professional development of teachers Professionals development of the teachers is next step in the learning of the teachers; learning is a lifelong process which is needed to be continuing for the development of a person. It is necessary to develop professionals character in the teachers as it will result to ascertain the current scenario in the industry. This is also a continuous process which also helps the teachers to generate a view towards the whole studies of the students rather than the narrow approach of just teaching in the class room and learn some concepts Mizell,(2010). Professional development leads to develop school goals and to know about the material to be included in the learning materials followed by the practical projects related to the students learning so that it will helpful in the overall development of the scholars. The primary goal of the schools is to provide good education to all the students taken admission in the institution. Development of professional learning will help to build confidence among the teacher to plan studies at the class room so that all the students are covered in the teaching. It may be activity based teaching or allotting projects in groups so that to improve education standards. It is also seen that quality of teaching is very important for the learning of the scholars professional development will help in improving the teaching quality and teaching methods used for transformation (Reading First, 2005). It is required to plan for training of the teachers at the beginning of the session so that they plan for the whole year activities to be organized for the student learning. It is also required to aware students about the scope of the study so that they take more interest in the learning. It also helps to transform the knowledge of the teacher in to the limited time whic h is very important for every professional so that the audience will interact and understand the concept. School goals and students needs are the criteria for the professional development of the teachers, based on the goals teacher have to plan the activity and learning calendar achieve the students need. Likewise it is also possible that schools provide professional training so that teachers analyze and evaluate internally to change in the learning methods or course material to improve it (Zepeda, 2012). Testing and evaluation of the students on the basis of pen and paper method is also overcome with the help of teacher development. Professional development helps to improve the personality of the teachers so that the approach towards the various activities is changed (Reece and Walker, 2016). It also result to a planned schedule of work, propertime management and including more learning methods in the lectures it also improves the internal awareness of the teachers to improve them as better education provider to brighten the way of the students. Relevance of examples Professional development helps the teachers to boost confidence and systematic planning for the activities. In the absence of this most of the teachers fails to plan and even there is absence of planning which result to failure of school goals (Baran and Correia, 2014). Suppose there is no training is provided to the teachers in a school then there will be problems in completing the course either the study material will be completed in just few months or it may delay within the time. Whereas professional development will aware the teacher towards planning in this case teacher will plan according to the available no of working days in the education calendar and sub-divide the whole syllabus to be covered according to this period. Professional development also helps to plan for new activities to enhance learning and revision of the studies. Conclusion It is concluded that professional development with the help of the Numans principles will definitely help the teachers to develop as better professionals. External evaluation is easy process which is given by the colleagues and friends but professional development will help to analyze internally results to bring change in the personality and teaching as a revolutionary change. The awareness about the actions to perform helps to implement them in better way with confidence. Professional development is needed to balance the school goals and students needs in the education sector which is also explained with some concepts and example to enlighten need of professional development of teachers. References: Alsagoff, L., McKay, S. L., Hu, G., and Renandya, W. A. (2012)Principles and practices for teaching English as an international language. UK: Routledge. Baran, E., and Correia, A. P. (2014) A professional development framework for online teaching,TechTrends,58(5), pp. 95-101. Brookhart, S. M. (2011) Educational assessment knowledge and skills for teachers,Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice,30(1), pp. 3-12. Calderhead, J. (2012) The contribution of research on teachers' thinking to the professional development of teachers,Research on teacher thinking: understanding professional development. London, pp. 11-18. McCulloch, E. B., and Noonan, M. J. (2013) Impact of online training videos on the implementation of mand training by three elementary school paraprofessionals,Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, pp. 132-141. Mizell, H. (2010) Why PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Matters. [Online]. Available at: https://learningforward.org/docs/pdf/why_pd_matters_web.pdf (Accessed: 18 October 2017). Pappas, C. (2013) The Adult Learning Theory - Andragogy - of Malcolm Knowles. [Online]. Available at: https://elearningindustry.com/the-adult-learning-theory-andragogy-of-malcolm-knowles (Accessed: 18 October 2017). Parkay, F. W., Anctil, E. J., and Hass, G. (2014)Curriculum leadership: Readings for developing quality educational programs. USA: Prentice Hall. Reading First (2005) Why Is Professional Development So Important? [Online]. Available at: https://www.sedl.org/pubs/reading100/RF-NB-2005-Summer.pdf (Accessed: 18 October 2017). Reece, I., and Walker, S. (2016)Teaching, training and learning: A practical guide. UK: Business Education Publishers Ltd. Watts, S. W. (2015)Andragogy and online course satisfaction: A correlation study, Northcentral University pp. 1-35. Zepeda, S. J. (2012)Professional development: What works. USA: Eye on education.